The Nadim and the Nudama in the Umayyad and Abbasid Courts

الملخص

This article deals with the history of the institution of the nadim in the Umayyad and 'Abbasid courts. The article focuses on different aspects of the nadim's position and influence. The relationship between the nadim and wine drinking is also emphasized. The nudama were of the highest social rank, members of the caliph's inner circle, accompanying him after working hours. They participated in his private sessions, in which only a handful was allowed to enter. The nadim was the caliph's companion for drinking and for other pleasures and recreational activities. However, he did not take part in political discussions and had no share in decision-making pertaining the affairs of state. Nevertheless, the nadim's special relationship with the caliph enabled him to exert great influence in the court. At times the role of a nadim was hereditary, at other times he was chosen according to special qualifications. These characteristics reflect the complex position of the nadim: he had to be witty and funny and at the same time serious, well-educated and well-mannered.